15/1 Dolosbage Road, Gampola, Sri Lanka
Email: kalds@sltnet.lk
Paulus Edward Pieris Deraniyagala
This work is dedicated to Paulus Edward Pieris Deraniyagala (1900 – 1976)
Paulus Edward Pieris Deraniyagala was born on May 8, 1900. He was the eldest son of Sir Deraniyagala Paulus Edward Pieris, a noted historian, Chair of the prestigious Royal Asiatic Society (Ceylon Branch) and a renowned lawyer.
Deraniyagala saw his first turtles and crocodiles at the age of eight when he lived in the coastal town of Kalutara where his father was District Judge. These two groups of reptiles later became his chief herpetological interests, and he published extensively on their nesting habits and embryology. His first herpetological book, and perhaps one of the important herpetological milestones in the country, is “Tetrapod reptiles of Ceylon vol. 1. Testudinates and Crocodilians” (1939).
Deraniyagala graduated in Natural Sciences Tripos from Trinity College, Cambridge, proceeding to Harvard for his A.M. degree in Zoology. On his return to Sri Lanka in 1925, Deraniyagala was appointed Second Assistant Marine Biologist to the Ceylon Government, becoming Director of the Colombo Museum in 1940. He retired from the museum directorship in 1963.
During an active period spanning nearly 50 years (1927 to 1975), Deraniyagala published nearly 350 titles on anthropology, archaeology, sociology, palaeontology and zoology (mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles). Most papers by Deraniyagala were profusely illustrated with his own watercolours and figures. In fact, there are few aspects of natural history that Deraniyagala did not publish extensively on. Furthermore, he was a champion boxer and an artist.
In the field of herpetology Deraniyagala published between 1927 and 1975 over 100 papers on turtles, crocodiles, varanids, lizards, snakes and a few on amphibians. They covered natural history, embryology, palaeontology, comparative morphology and taxonomy. Deraniyagala described over 50 recent and fossil herpetological taxa, all of them reptiles. Paulus Edward Pieris Deraniyagala died on December 1, 1976.
The bibliography: introductory notes
Marine turtles are a threatened group of reptiles in Sri Lanka. The flesh and eggs of most species are widely consumed by people. In addition, their nesting, foraging and feeding grounds are continually being disturbed and altered at an alarming rate. Hence, the present bibliography attempts to provide a complete reference to various aspects of marine turtles in Sri Lanka. The present work cites literature published in Western and Sinhala languages from 1852 to 2005.
Selection of references
The criteria used in listing a reference in this bibliography were if the particular reference (whether scientific, popular, historical, literary, etc.) either referred completely or in part to some aspect of marine turtles of Sri Lanka. This work includes complete books as well as sections or chapters of books, research papers, periodical articles, abstracts and mimeographed papers. Unpublished theses, dissertations and reports too are listed separately under “unpublished papers” as these are accessible to researchers. Newspaper articles are excluded. Of the 284 references cited, 215 works are available in the personal library of the compiler.
Plan of classification and arrangement of the material
The references categorised in the bibliography are listed alphabetically and chronologically. If the date of publication is not listed it is given as “ND”. In some papers a brief annotation of the contents are given within parenthesis at the end of the reference.
Sources consulted
Acknowledgments: I thank Indraneil Das, Kraig Adler, Romulus Whitaker, Harry Andrews, Manjula Tiwari, K.R.G Welch, Maren Gaulke, Andreas Nollert, Michihisa Toriba, Lalith Ekanayake, Thushan Kapurusinghe, Peter Richardson, Late E.H. Taylor, and W.W.A. Phillips for providing some of the relevant literature; Kraig Adler for providing the photograph of P.E.P. Deraniyagala; the library staff of University of Peradeniya, Royal Asiatic Society, Colombo Museum, Wildlife, Nature Protection Society and the other institutions listed above for making the literature available.
Checklist of marine turtles
(Note: (E) denotes English, (S) denotes Sinhala and (T) denotes Tamil.)
FAMILY: CHELONIIDAE: Kasubu Kulaya (S)
Genus: Caretta Rafinesque, 1814. Kasbae Ganaya (S) Species
FAMILY: DERMOCHELYIDAE.
Genus: Dermochelys Blainville, 1816. Dara Kasbae Ganaya (S) Species
Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761). Leatherback Sea Turtle (E); Dara Kasbaeva (S)(= ridge turtle) or Tun Dara Kasbaeva (S)(= three ridge turtle); Dhoni Amai (T)(= boat turtle).
Alder, K. 1989. Contributions to the history of herpetology. SSAR. USA.
Anonymous. 1960. Research work by officers of the National Museums of Ceylon from 1925 to 1960. Spolia Zeylanica 29(1): 135-147.
Das, I. & A. De Silva. 1996. A directory of herpetologists in South Asia. Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka. (ARROS). 48 p.
Abeynayake, S.E. 1976. Save the tortoise from extinction. Loris 14(2): 126.
Abeytissa, N. 1994. Muhudu Kesbewa (Marine turtle). Warana 6(2): 250. (brief note on marine turtles of Sri Lanka; text in Sinhala)
Agastheeapillai, A. & R. Thiagarajan. 1979. Biology of the green turtle Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus) in the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay. Journal of Marine Biology Association of India 21 (1 & 2): 45-60.
A.G.R.W. 1968. Olive-backed loggerhead turtle. Loris 11(4): 203-204.
Alderton, D. 1988. Turtle & tortoises of the world. Blanford Press, London.
Amarasooriya, D. 1996. Some observations of marine turtle hatcheries in Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings of the International conference on the biology & conservation of the amphibians & reptiles of South Asia. (Abstracts) pp. 19-20. Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS).
Amarasooriya, D. 1998. Marine turtle hatcheries in Sri Lanka: their impact on turtle conservation. In: Biology and conservation of the amphibians, reptiles and their habitats in South Asia (ed. A. de Silva), pp. 163-170. Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka (ARROS).
Amarasooriya, D. 2000. A report from National Aquatic Resources Agency (NARA). Kachhapa 2: 11-12.
Amarasooriya, K.D. 2000. Classification of sea turtle nesting beaches of southern Sri Lanka. In: Sea turtles of the Indo-Pacific: research, management & conservation (eds. N. Pilcher & G. Ismail), pp. 228-237. ASEAN Academic Press, London.
Anonymous. 1876. Officer (an) Late of the Ceylon Rifles: Ceylon a General Description of the Island, Historical, Physical, Statistical. Containing the Most Recent Information, Vol. 2., pp. 86-200. Chapman & Hall, London. (the preface is signed ‘H.S.’ (Horatio Suckling) see “Horatio John Suckling” by John Ferguson Tropical Agriculturist (L.R. Supplement) pp. 7-8)
Anonymous. 1937. Turtle oils from Ceylon. Bulletin of the Imperial Institute of London 35(3): 316-318.
Anonymous. 1942. Turtle flesh causes 3 deaths. Loris 2(6): 354.
Anonymous. 1958. Picnickers save turtle. Loris 8(1): 56.
Anonymous. 1960. Research work by officers of the National Museums of Ceylon from 1925 to 1960. Spolia Zeylanica 29(1): 135-147. (includes references on marine turtles)
Anonymous. 1962. Save the leathery turtle. Loris 9(3): 207.
Anonymous. 1962. Torture of turtles. Loris 9(3): 207.
Anonymous. 1962. Save these sea animals. Loris 9(4): 268.
Anonymous. 1968. Baby sea turtles – what greater attraction for tourists. Newsletter, Wildlife Protection Society of Ceylon 26: 4.
Anonymous. 1972. Ceylon protects all marine turtles. Marine Pollution Bulletin (England) 3(10): 148.
Anonymous. 1972. Legal protection for these local animals: Notes and observations. Loris 12(6): 315.
Anonymous. 1972. Turtle protection in Sri Lanka. Oryx 11(6): 408.
Anonymous. 1973. The turtles and us. Loris 8(1): 8-9. (about consumption of turtle flesh & eggs)
Anonymous. 1973. Ban on sale of turtle eggs and transport of turtles: Notes and observations. Loris 13(1): 47.
Anonymous. 1975. Back to the turtles. Loris 8(5): 236.
Anonymous. 1980. Man with live turtles fined: Notes observations and press cuttings. Loris 15(3): 186.
Anonymous. 1985. Heimat fur schildkroten (Home for turtles). Ein Herz ur Tiere (W. Germany) No.21: 26.
Anonymous. 1987. Sri Lanka: Une maternite pour tortues (A nursery for turtles) TE’LE’ loisirs (France) 47: 85.
Anonymous. 1996. International Herpetological Conference in Sri Lanka. Marine Turtle Newsletter 73: 35.
Ariyananda, P.L. & S.S.D. Fernando. 1987. Turtle flesh poisoning. The Ceylon Medical Journal 32(4): 213-215. (food poisoning due to the consumption of the flesh of Eretmochelys imbricata)
Bambaradeniya, C.N.B. 2001. Threatened herpetofauna of Sri Lanka. In: An overview of the threatened herpetofauna of South Asia. (eds. C.N.B. Bambaradeniya & V.N. Samarasekera), pp. 91-97. IUCN Sri Lanka & ARB Programme, Colombo.
Banks, J.D.N. 1972. Turtles galore. Loris 12(5): 255-257. (account of turtle egg hatching at Bentota)
Banks, J. & J. Banks. 1976. An encounter with a leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea. Loris 14(1): 46-47. (account of burying turtle eggs and hatching; observes crabs attacking hatchlings)
Banks, J.D.N. 1976. Encounter with a leatherback turtle. Loris 14(1): 67-68. (leatherback eggs being robbed by a porcupine at Bentota)
Banks, J. & J. Banks. 1977. More observations on the nesting of turtles. Loris 14(3): 150-152. (details of eggs laid by green and loggerhead turtle)
Bennet, J.W. 1984. Ceylon and it’s capabilities. Reprint Rajagiriya (Sri Lanka), Trumpet Publishers Ltd., pp. 273-276. (First published in London, 1843).
Bjorndal, K. 1984. Kosgoda hatchery destroyed. Marine Turtle Newsletter 32: 8
Bonin, F., B. Devaux & A. Dupre. 1996. Toutes les tortues du monde (Turtles of the World). Delachaux et Niestle, Lausanne. 254 p.
Brandstaetter, F. & M. Redi. 1995. An annotated list of the scientific names of the turtles from Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus 2(1 & 2): 52-55. (etymology of scientific names)
Brohier, R.L. 1949. Omens. Ceylon Observer Annual 1949: 10-14. (dreaming of turtles foretells affectionate and pretty bride or groom.)
Canekeratne, N.C. 1974. Are turtles protected? Loris 13(4): 232.
Care For The Wild. 1993. The turtle conservation project. Care for the Wild News (England) 5: 21.
Cave, H.W. 1908. Tortoise shell comb making: In: The book of Ceylon. pp. 84-85. London, Cassell & Co, Ltd.
Chandraratne, R.M.M. 1997. Some reptile bones from the Gedige excavation in 1985, the citadel of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus 3(2): 7-15. (excavations reveal Lissemys punctata, Melanochelys trijuga and Lepidochelys olivacea, bones suggesting that these reptiles have been extensively consumed by humans)
Codrington, H.W. 1921. Combs – uses and users. The Ceylon Antiquary and Literary Register 6(3): 154.
Cooray, R. 1998. The Marine turtles in Rekawa: a survey on nesting activities and exploitation. Sri Lanka Naturalist 11(1 & 2): 1-7.
Currey, D., E. Matthew, A. Thornton, & C. Lonsdale. 1994. Report on an investigation into threats to marine turtles in Sri Lanka and Maldives. Environmental Investigation Agency, London. 28 p.
Das, I. & A. De Silva. 2005. A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Sri Lanka. New Holland, UK. 144 p.
Dattatri, S. 1982. Sea turtles in Sri Lanka. Hamadryad 7(3): 19-20.
Dattatri, S. & D. Samarajeewa. 1982. Beach development in Sri Lanka. Marine Turtle Newsletter 22: 4-5.
Dattatri, S. & J. Vijaya, D. Samarajiva. 1983. Sea turtle survey in southern Sri Lanka. Hamadryad 8(3): 15-17.
Dattatri, S. 1984. Herp guide to Sri Lanka. Hamadryad 9(2): 5-18.
David, P. 1994. Liste des reptiles actuels du monde (List of todays reptiles of the world). Chelonii-Dumerilia 1: 7-127.
De Bruin, G.H.P. 1972. Sub marine “kasba” (turtles) Radio Times 24(17): 1, 14.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1927. The reptiles of Ceylon. Ceylon Observer Christmas Number (Colombo): 95-97.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1930. The Testudinata of Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 16(1): 43-88.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1932. Scutes of the loggerhead turtle. Spolia Zeylanica 17(1): 46-47.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1932. Frontenelles in the hawksbill turtle. Spolia Zeylanica 17(1): 49-50.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1932. Diameters of turtle eggs. Spolia Zeylanica 17(1): 50.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1932. Notes on the development of the leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea. Spolia Zeylanica 17(2): 73-102.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1933. The loggerhead turtles (Carettidae) of Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 18(1): 61-72.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1934. Some phytogenetic features in the leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea. Spolia Zeylanica 18(2): 199-206.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1934. Relationship among loggerhead turtles (Carettidae). Spolia Zeylanica 18(2): 207-209.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1934. Corselet reduction in some Testudinates. Spolia Zeylanica 18(2): 211-229.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1936. Some postnatal changes in the leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea. Spolia Zeylanica 19(3): 225-239.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1936. A further comparative study of Caretta caretta gigas. Spolia Zeylanica 19(3): 241-251.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1936. The nesting habit of leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea. Spolia Zeylanica 19(3): 331-336.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1937. Some miocene and upper Shivalik vertebrates from Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 20(2): 191-192.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1939. The Tetrapod reptiles of Ceylon. Vol. 1 Testudinates and Crocodilians. The Director, Colombo Museum; London, Dulau and Co., Ltd. 412 pp.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1941. The nesting of the leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Linne). Proc. Linn. Soc. London 153 session 121-123.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1943. Subspecies formation in loggerhead turtles (Carettidae). Spolia Zeylanica 23(2): 79-92.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1944. Photographs of nesting leathery turtle. Spolia Zeylanica. 24(1): 57-78.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1945. Some sub specific characters of the loggerhead, Caretta caretta gigas. Spolia Zeylanica 24(2): 95-98.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1946. Marginal scutes in races of the brown-red loggerhead, Caretta caretta Linne. Spolia Zeylanica 24(2): 195-196.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1949. Some vertebrate animals of Ceylon, Vol. 1. Colombo, Ceylon National Museums.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1951. Mass movements in some marine turtles and cuttle fish. Spolia Zeylanica. 26(1): 16.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1953. A coloured atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon. Vol. 2. Tetrapod reptilia. Colombo, Ceylon National Museums. 101 p.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1961. Some of Linne’s reptiles and mammals from Ceylon and elsewhere that are in Sweden. Spolia Zeylanica 29(2): 195.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1961. Some little known characters of the two subspecies of Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz). Spolia Zeylanica 29(2): 196-210.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1964. A comparison of the cephalic scalation of Dermochelys coriacea with that of the Cheloniidae (Reptilia Testudinata). Senckenbergiana Biologica (West Germany) 45: 349-352.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1965. A sanctuary for turtles, the dugong whales and dolphins in the Indian and Southern oceans. Loris 10(4): 246-247, 250.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1969. Some of the earliest vertebrates of Ceylon. Loris 11(5): 235-237.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1969. A Miocene vertebrate faunae from the Malu member of Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 31(2): 1-20.
Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1971. Does flatback turtle visit Ceylon? Loris 12(4): 206-207.
De Silva, A. 1994. An introduction to the herpetofauna of Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus 1(1 & 2): 3-19.
De Silva, A. 1995. A proposed action plan for the conservation and management of the Testudines of Sri Lanka (Abstracts) In: International Congress of Chelonian Conservation, Gonferon, France, July 1995, p.38.
De Silva, A. 1995. The reptiles of Sri Lanka, A checklist and common names part 1: Testudines, Crocodylia and Lacertillia. Lyriocephalus 1(1 & 2): 25-33.
De Silva, A. 1996. The herpetofauna of Sri Lanka: a brief review. Published by A. De Silva. Graphic Land, Kandy. 99 p.
De Silva, A. 1996. Proposed Action Plan: Conservation, restoration and management of the Testudines and their habitats in Sri Lanka. Department of Wildlife Conservation & Global Environmental Facility Progamme. 28 p.
De Silva, A. 1997. Marine turtles of Sri Lanka: an overview. Lyriocephalus 3(2): 16-25.
De Silva, A. 1998. The Testudines and crocodilians of Sri Lanka: a checklist and an annotated bibliography. Dept. Wildlife Conservation/GEF/UNDP/FAO. 42 p. (the present bibliography is an updated version of this work)
De Silva, A. 1999. Turtles, terrapins and tortoises of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Nature 2(3): 4-9.
De Silva, A. 2001. The herpetofauna of Sri Lanka: A historical overview, current status with checklists. Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization of Sri Lanka. 91 p.
De Silva, A. 2006. Marine turtles of Sri Lanka: A historical account. In: Marine Turtles of the Indian subcontinent (eds. K. Shanker & B.C. Choudhury), pp. 324-353. Universities Press, Hyderabad, India.
De Silva, A., S. Molur & S. Walker. 2000. Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for amphibians and selected taxa of reptiles of Sri Lanka. Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Sri Lanka. 212 p. + annexures.
De Silva, G.N. 1964. Socio-economic survey of the fisher families, 1958-59. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Station, Ceylon 17(1): 1-44.
Devaux, B. 1925. Le pire et le meilleur (The worst and the best). La Tortue 31: 18-21. (account of turtle hatcheries & turtle conservation projects)
Director Fisheries. 1977. Kesbewan, kesbi biththara saha muhudi uran arakshakirima (Protection of turtles, turtle eggs & dugongs). Warana 1(2): 74. (revision of protection of these under Act of 1964 No.44 & 1970 No.1)
Doole, B.L. 1890. Turtle catching near Kirinda. Ceylon Literary Register 4(25): 198.
Ekanayake, E.M.L. & K.B. Ranawana, 2001. Estimation of sex ratio of green turtle hatchlings at Rekawa turtle rookery in Sri Lanka (Abstracts) In: Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress of Herpetology, 3rd -9th December 2001, Bentota, Sri Lanka. pp. 28-29.
Ekanayake, E.M.L. & K.B. Ranawana, 2001. The average egg count for nesting sea turtles on Rekawa beach in Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress of Herpetology 3rd – 9th December 2001, Bentota, Sri Lanka. pp. 29-30.
Ekanayake, E.M.L. & K.B. Ranawana. 2004. The average egg count for nesting sea turtles on Rekawa beach in Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus 5(1 & 2): 32-34.
Ekanayake, E.M.L., K.B. Ranawana, T. Kapurusinghe, M.G.C. Premakumara & M.M. Saman. 2002. Marine turtle conservation in Rekawa turtle rookery in southern Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 30: 79-88.
Ekanayake, E.M.L., K.B. Ranawana, T. Kapurusinghe, M.G.C. Premakumara & M.M. Saman. 2002. Impact of lunar cycle on nesting behaviour of marine turtles. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 30: 99-104.
Ekanayake, E.M.L., K.B. Ranawana, T. Kapurusinghe, M.G.C. Premakumara & M.M. Saman. 2003. The average egg incubation period for the five species of turtles nesting at Rekawa turtle rookery in southern Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings of the Peradeniya University Research Sessions, Sri Lanka 8: 148.
Ekanayake, E.M.L., K.B. Ranawana, T. Kapurusinghe, M.G.C. Premakumara & M.M. Saman. 2003. Community participation for work on marine turtle research in Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings of the Peradeniya University Research Sessions, Sri Lanka. 8: 161.
Ekanayake, E.M.L., K.B. Ranawana & T. Kapurusinghe. 2004. Estimation of the average number of nests for green turtles on the Rekawa beach in southern Sri Lanka. Three year study from September 1996 to September 1999. In: Proceedings of the twenty first annual symposium on marine turtle biology and conservation (compilers M.S. Coyne & R.D. Clark), pp.160-161. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-477, 368 p.
Ekanayake, E.M.L., T. Kapurusinghe, M.M. Saman & M.G.C. Premakumara. 2002. Estimation of the number of leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting at the Godavaya turtle rookery in southern Sri Lanka during the nesting season in the year 2001. Kachhapa 6: 11-12.
Ernst, C.H. & R.W. Barbour. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. and London. 313 p.
Egan, E.W. 1967. Ceylon in pictures. Sterling Publishing Co. Inc, New York, London, Melbourne, The Oak Tree Press, pp. 46-47.
Ferguson, W. 1871-72. Ceylon reptiles: being a preliminary catalogue of the reptiles found in, or supposed to be in Ceylon, compiled from various authorities. J. Royal Asiatic Soc. (Ceylon Branch) 5(17): 48.
Ferguson, W. 1877. Reptile fauna of Ceylon. Colombo, William Henry Herbert, Government Printer.
Fernando, R. 1977. Turtle hatcheries in Sri Lanka. Marine Turtle Newsletter 3: 8.
Fernando, C. 1993. Young turtles released at sea. Loris 20(1): 34.
Fisher, S. 1995. Illegal turtle trade in Sri Lanka and the Maldives and an encouraging note of progress. Marine Turtle Newsletter 71: 10-11.
Fitter, R. 1988. Endangered species in Sri Lanka. Loris 18(2): 72-73.
Frazier, J. 1980. Exploitation of marine turtles in the Indian Ocean. Human Ecology 8(4): 329-370.
Frazier, J. 1982. Sri Lanka (Ceylon). In: The status of knowledge on marine turtles in western Indian ocean. pp. 7-8. East African Wildlife Society, Nairobi. Mimeo, July.
Frazier, J. 1982. Subsistence hunting in the Indian Ocean. In: Biology and Conservation of sea turtles (ed. K.A. Bjorndal) Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington D.C. 395 p.
Gordon, J. 1986. Turtles find sanctuary in Kosgoda. Serendib 5(1): 20-21
Gorwyn, C.L. 1973. Letter to the editor. Loris 13(2): 128.
Grenier, J.A.R. 1958. An old island craft. Ceylon Observer Pictorial, 1958 (2 unnumbered pages: account of tortoise-shell craft (seven photographs); records a traditional test to verify whether the flesh of hawksbill turtle is poisonous)
Groombridge, B. 1982. The IUCN Amphibia – Reptilia Red Data Book, Part 1. Testudines, Crocodylia, Rhynchocephalia. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 426 p.
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Haly, A. 1882. Administration Report of the Director of the Colombo Museum for 1881 (p. 209D reports large Dermochelys coriacea from Mutwal)
Haly, A. 1887. Administration Report of the Director of the Colombo Museum for 1886 (p. 63D reports a Dermochelys coriacea measuring 7.5ft long).
Hewavisenthi, S. 1989. Twin green turtle hatchlings in Sri Lanka. Marine Turtle Newsletter 46: 9.
Hewavisenthi, S. 1989. Slaughter on the beach. Loris 18(4): 74-175.
Hewavisenthi, S. 1990. Exploitation of marine turtles in Sri Lanka: Historic background and the present status. Marine Turtle Newsletter 48: 14-19.
Hewavisenthi, S. 1990. Abnormal hatchlings of green
and olive ridley turtles, Victor Hasselblad Hatchery, Sri Lanka. Marine Turtle Newsletter 50: 15-16.
Hewavisenthi, S. 1990. Male hawksbill stranded at Kosgoda, Sri Lanka. Marine Turtle Newsletter 51: 16-17.
Hewavisenthi, S. 1990. Conservation of marine turtles. Loris 19(2): 73-75.
Hewavisenthi, S. 1991. Marine turtles of Sri Lanka. Social Development 1(6): 7-8. (newsletter of the Central Council of Social Services Sri Lanka)
Hewavisenthi, S. 1992. Marine turtles of Sri Lanka. Newsletter of the Open University of Sri Lanka 7(6): 7.
Hewavisenthi, S. 1992. Marine turtles. Thithmuwa (Magazine of the young Zoologist’s Association of Sri Lanka) 7-9.
Hewavisenthi, S. 1993. Turtle hatcheries in Sri Lanka: Boon or Bane? Marine Turtle Newsletter 60: 19-22.
Hewavisenthi, S. 1994. Bibliography of literature relating to marine turtles of Sri Lanka. Natural Resources, Energy and Science Authority of Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka; 17 p.
Hewavisenthi, S. 1994. The embryo and hatching mortality of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and Olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) in relation to clutch size. Journal of Herpetolgy 4(3): 73-76.
Hewavisenthi, S. & S.W. Kotagama. 1989. Carapace scute variations in olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) hatchlings from a turtle hatchery in Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings of the Sri Lanka Association of Advanced Science 45(1): 75-76.
Hewavisenthi, S. & S.W. Kotagama. 1990. Biometrics of marine turtles nesting along the southwestern coastline of Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings of the Sri Lanka Association of Advanced Science 45(1): 77.
Hewavisenthi, S. & S.W. Kotagama. 1990. The relationship between the hatching success and the clutch size of the olive ridley turtles. In: Proceedings of the Sri Lanka Association of Advanced Science 46(1): 91.
Hewavisenthi, S. & S.W. Kotagama. 1990. The effect of retaining turtle hatchlings in tanks before their release. In: Proceedings of the Sri Lanka Association of Advanced Science 46(1): 92.
Hewavisenthi, S. & S.W. Kotagama. 1991. The embryo mortality of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in relation to handling of eggs. In: Proceedings of the Sri Lanka Association of Advanced Science 47(1): 89.
Hewavisenthi, S. & S.W. Kotagama. 1993. The mortality of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) embryos and hatchlings in relation to clutch size. In: Proceedings of the Sri Lanka Association of Advanced Science 49(1): 175-176.
Hezbullah, H. 1996. Extracts from the environment conservation society report of S. Thomas College. Loris 21(2): 60. (includes an account of the turtle hatchery of the college, from 72 olive ridley eggs 65 hatched)
Hoffmann, T.W. 1968. Note on olive-backed loggerhead turtles by A.G.R.W. Loris 11(4): 205.
Hoffmann, T.W. 1971. Points of view. Loris 12(4): 210-211.
Hoffmann, T.W. 1976. Sri Lankawe muhudu kesbawo (Marine turtles of Sri Lanka). Warana 1(1): 20-21.
Holmes, W.R. 1980. Sea turtles. In: Jaffna, Sri Lanka. The Christian Institute for the study of religion and society of Jaffna College. 364 p.
Hora, S.L. 1948. The distribution of crocodiles and chelonians in Ceylon, India, Burma and farther East. In: Proceedings of the National Institute of Science India (Calcutta) 14(6): 285-310.
Ilangakoon, A. 2000. Marine turtles: imperiled, ancient, ocean wanderers. Loris 22(3): 18-21.
IUCN. 2001. A marine turtle conservation strategy and action plan for the Northern Indian Ocean.
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